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Date Critical Event 2009 AHI funded 5 countries to do HSS using an integrated and multistakeholder approach. 2009 Experts and stakeholders convened by Norwegian Development Agency met to address challenges in achieving Millennium Development Goals and knowledge gaps. 2010 Held Inaugural Health Systems Research symposium and established Implementation Research Platform within WHO.AHI convened senior leadership meeting to share emerging lessons. 2012 Launched WHO Strategy on Health Policy and Systems Research: Changing Mindsets. 2013 Published first AHI supplement on HSS and EIR. 2013 Implementation Research Platform released first call for implementer-led research. 2014 Launched Implementation Research and Delivery Research initiative by AHPSR, World Bank, and U.S. Agency for International Development.Launched EIR initiatives in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office and PAHO. 2015 Held joint EIR call between AHPSR, UNICEF, and Gavi. 2015 AHPSR met with Doris Duke Charitable Foundation leadership to discuss AHI Phase 2.First AHI-supported PhD students in EIR graduated. 2016 Launched Strengthening Capacity for Implementation Research initiative by AHPSR. 2017 Published AHI second supplement documenting results of EIR including research capacity building success.Funded AHI 2.0 in Mozambique, Ghana, and Ethiopia including ongoing focus on EIR approach as target for strengthening health systems and ongoing research capacity building. 2018 Launched EIR call in Pakistan on immunization by AHPSR, UNICEF, and Gavi. 2019 Launched EIR call on the Sustainable Development Goals in collaboration with PAHO and WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. 2020 EIR identified in special supplement of Health Policy and Planning on Innovations in Implementation Research as a key innovation signaling the coming-of-age of implementation research field. 2020 Launched EIR Accelerator Project in Ethiopia, Uganda, Indonesia, and Nigeria, with AHPSR supporting Gavi programs through implementation research in each of these countries. 2021 Launched Compassionate and Respectful Health Care Services Ethiopia on health workforce and health services by AHPSR, WHO Health Workforce Department, and WHO Country Office Ethiopia.AHI grantees held final meeting in Accra, Ghana. 2022 AHPSR’s MAINSTREAM initiative embedded implementation research into Gavi’s learning strategy for its new strategic plan period (Gavi 5.0) Abbreviations: AHI, African Health Initiative; AHPSR, Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research; EIR, embedded implementation research; HSS, health systems strengthening; PAHO, Pan American Health Organization; WHO, World Health Organization.
