Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Intervention Channels and Corresponding Intensity Measures Within Self-Help Groups-Based Programs
Abbreviations: SBC, social and behavior change; SHG, self-help group.
- FIGURE 2
Percentage of Women Who Received Messages Outside of Group Meetings Among Women in Self-Help Group Households With Children Aged Younger Than 2 Years
Abbreviations: JTSP, JEEViKA Technical Support Program; UPCMP, Uttar Pradesh Community Mobilization Program.
- FIGURE 3
Social and Behavior Change Techniques Identified in Interventions Within Self-Help Group Programs in 2 States in India
Abbreviations: JTSP, JEEViKA Technical Support Program; UPCMP, Uttar Pradesh Community Mobilization Program.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Description of Maternal and Child Health Interventions Implemented With Self-Help Groups in 2 States in India
Intervention Coverage Intervention Description, As Planned # Meetings Observed Survey Respondents Parivartana pilot (2013–2014) to improve RMNCH behaviors17 Bihar, 8 Districts, 55 blocks Groups formed to focus on health and nutrition along with savings and credit
Structured health modules
Weekly health discussion
Meeting observations not reported Women SHG members with child aged 0–11 months Parivartan pilot (2013–2016) to improve RMNCH behaviors32 Bihar, 11 districts, 64 blocks Same interventions as above, with SHGs formed by the government to focus on savings, credit, and livelihoods, expanded into a larger geography with health and nutrition discussions held monthly
Meeting observations not reported Women SHG members with child aged 0–11 months JEEViKA multisectoral nutrition pilot (2016–2018) to improve anthropometry and dietary diversity33 Bihar, 1 district, 3 blocks Maternal and child nutrition discussions in bi-monthly meetings
Home visits, peer, and community meetings
30 Women from SHG householdsb with child aged 6–23 months JEEViKA-JTSP nutrition pilotc (2017–2018) to improve nutrition behaviors (unpublished) Bihar, 1 district, 4 blocks Nutrition discussion in at least 1 of the 4 weekly meetings in a month
Home visits and community events
60 Women from SHG households with child aged 6–23 months JEEViKA Mobile Vaani pilot,d JTSP (2017–2018) to improve RMNCH knowledge (unpublished) Bihar, 1 district, 6 blocks Interactive voice response based platform
Information on nutrition, family planning, diarrhea, and entitlements in at least 1 monthly meeting
Home visits and community events
172 Women from SHG households with child aged 0–23 months UPCMP (2014) to improve RMNCH behaviors34 Uttar Pradesh, 1 district, 1 block, Discussion on home-based newborn care and maternal health in 1 or 2 SHG meetings in a month
49 Women from SHG households UPCMP (2015–2017) to improve RMNCH behaviours35 Uttar Pradesh, 37 districts, 120 blocks Health discussion in at least 1 monthly meeting
Home visits, community events
108 Women from SHG households with child aged 0–11 months UPCMP (2015–2019) to improve RMNCH behaviors (unpublished) Uttar Pradesh, 41 districts, 203 blocks Same intervention as above, expanded to larger geography with more focus on household level discussion and community events (campaigns)
Meeting observations not reported Women from SHG households with child aged 0–11 months Abbreviations: JTSP, JEEViKA Technical Support Program; RMNCH, reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health; SHG, self-help group; UPCMP, Uttar Pradesh Community Mobilization Program.
↵a Parivartan was a community mobilization project implemented by Project Concern International (PCI) to understand the efficacy of layering health and nutrition (HN) interventions onto the SHG platform to increase the adoption of HN behaviors among the most marginalized communities in 8 districts in Bihar.
↵b Either respondent or anyone from her family is an SHG member.
↵c JTSP is a technical assistance program to JEEViKA by PCI on HN integration in its livelihood framework in 101 blocks across 11 districts since 2015. JTSP identified 4 blocks of Nalanda district as learning blocks, in which all the HN interventions were pilot tested before scaling up to other geographies.
↵d JEEViKA Mobile Vaani pilot was implemented as a part of JTSP by Gram Vaani and PCI in 6 blocks of Nalanda district to assess the efficacy of a mobile-based voice-media communication platform in accelerating the pace and sustainability of behavior change and achieving higher outcomes in HN indicators.
- TABLE 2.
Implementation Intensity of Health and Nutrition Interventions With Self-Help Groups at the Group and Community Level, 2 States in India
Group Level Community Level Study Details Frequency of HN Meetings (Per Month), Based on Observations Length of HN Discussion, as Observed Per Meeting, Minutes Women Members (With Child Aged Younger Than 2 Years) Reported Participation in HN Meetings, % Program Duration, Months Group Dissolution Over Intervention Period, % Parivartan pilot (2013–2014)17 4 Not reported 80.3a 12 27b Parivartan pilot (2013–2016)32 1 Not reported 65.1a 36 3b JEEViKA multisectoral pilot (2016–2018)33 2 10 Na 30 Not reported JEEViKA-JTSP nutrition pilot (2017–2018) 1 27 26.9c 12 Not reported JEEViKA Mobile Vaani pilot, JTSP (2017–2018) 1 20 18.7c 12 Not reported UPCMP (2014)34 1 Not reported 37.9 4 Not reported UPCMP (2015–2017)35 1 23 44.2c 24 24 UPCMP (2015–2019) 1 20 18.9c 48 33 Abbreviations: HN, health and nutrition; JTSP, JEEViKA Technical Support Program; UPCMP, Uttar Pradesh Community Mobilization Program.
↵a Based on calculation using questions on (1) participation in group meetings and (2) “Does your group ever discuss health topics related to pregnant women and young mothers?”
↵b Parivartan groups merged into JEEViKA during 2016–2017; many members joined JEEViKA SHGs.
↵c Based on calculation using questions (1) participation in group meetings and (2) “How many times in a typical month are health issues discussed during SHG meetings?”
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