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Global Health: Science and Practice

Dedicated to what works in global health programs

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Table of Contents

April 2022 | Volume 10 | Number 2

EDITORIALS

  • Open Access
    Context Matters: Strategies to Improve Maternal and Newborn Health Services in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Florina Serbanescu, Margaret E. Kruk, Sunday Dominico and Kojo Nimako
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2200119; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00119

    Identifying context-appropriate features to maximize the effectiveness of maternal and newborn health interventions in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to successful programs.

  • Open Access
    Addressing the Global Influence of Unethical Formula Marketing
    Cecília Tomori
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2200120; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00120

    Projects that seek to address Code implementation need to understand the current landscape of corporate marketing activities in the government and health care settings and mobilize stakeholders from the government to the community when implementing these projects.

COMMENTARIES

  • Open Access
    End Malaria Faster: Taking Lifesaving Tools Beyond “Access” to “Reach” All People in Need
    Courtney Emerson, Jed Meline, Anne Linn, Julie Wallace, Bryan K. Kapella, Meera Venkatesan and Richard Steketee
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2200118; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00118

    To “reach the unreached” with preventive and curative malaria services, we must know which individuals and communities remain unreached and then bring tailored services from the clinic to the community and home.

  • Open Access
    Leveraging Experience From Active TB Drug-Safety Monitoring and Management for Monitoring Active Antiretroviral Toxicity
    Lisa Stevens, Kelly E. Perry, Iakuna Moide, Francil Kaemala, Justine Nankinga, Anh L. Innes and Ignatius Mogaba
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100595; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00595

    Systems established for active drug safety monitoring and management of drug-resistant TB should be leveraged to ensure comprehensive surveillance for active toxicity monitoring during scale-up of newer antiretroviral regimens.

  • Open Access
    Funders' Perspectives on Supporting Implementation Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Ana Cardoso-Weinberg, Chris Alley, Linda E. Kupfer, Garry Aslanyan, Michael Makanga, Fabio Zicker and Ole F. Olesen
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100497; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00497

    We identify and discuss 7 approaches for funders to contemplate when considering support for implementation research in low- and middle-income countries.

  • Open Access
    Community Health Workers in Pandemics: Evidence and Investment Implications
    Madeleine Ballard, Ari Johnson, Iris Mwanza, Hope Ngwira, Jennifer Schechter, Margaret Odera, Dickson Nansima Mbewe, Roseline Moenga, Prossy Muyingo, Ramatulai Jalloh, John Wabwire, Angela Gichaga, Nandini Choudhury, Duncan Maru, Pauline Keronyai, Carey Westgate, Sabitri Sapkota, Helen Elizabeth Olsen, Kyle Muther, Stephanie Rapp, Mallika Raghavan, Kim Lipman-White, Matthew French, Harriet Napier and Lyudmila Nepomnyashchiy
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100648; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00648

    Community health workers have long played a critical role in preventing, detecting, and responding to pandemics across the globe. To expand, improve, and institutionalize these services, changes in the approach to bi/multilateral aid and private philanthropic investments in low- and middle-income countries are required.

VIEWPOINTS

  • Open Access
    Strategies to Promote Health System Strengthening and Global Health Security at the Subnational Level in a World Changed by COVID-19
    Martin Alilio, Neetu Hariharan, Elizabeth Lugten, Kama Garrison, Rhea Bright, Wilberforce Owembabazi, Uwem Inyang, Saad El-Din Hassan and Kelly Saldana
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100478; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00478

    Structural weaknesses in national health systems have led to huge variations in responses to COVID-19. This calls for a unified approach to health security and essential health services as public health threats and the expectation for health care systems to provide improved access and services at affordable cost increases.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

  • Open Access
    Cost of Delivering Tetanus Toxoid and Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccination in Vietnam and the Budget Impact of Proposed Changes to the Schedule
    Vu Quynh Mai, Laura Boonstoppel, Kelsey Vaughan, Carl Schutte, Annette Ozaltin, Duong Thi Hong, Nguyen Mai Khanh, Hoang Manh Thang, Tran Tuan Anh and Hoang Van Minh
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100482; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00482

    This study shows that replacing tetanus toxoid vaccination in Vietnam for girls aged 15–16 years in high-risk areas with routine tetanus-diphtheria vaccination for children aged 7 years mainly through a school-based delivery strategy will likely result in immunization cost savings.

  • Open Access
    Scaling Up Improved Inpatient Treatment of Severe Malnutrition: Key Factors and Experiences From South Africa, Bolivia, Malawi, and Ghana
    Shuaib Kauchali, Thandi Puoane, Ana Maria Aguilar, Sylvester Kathumba, Alice Nkoroi, Reginald Annan, Sunhea Choi, Alan Jackson and Ann Ashworth
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100411; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00411

    We report lessons learned in 4 countries from scaling up the implementation of World Health Organization guidelines on inpatient management of severe acute malnutrition within routine health services. We provide evidence that implementation is achievable at scale within different contexts and health systems.

  • Open Access
    Sustainability of Funding for HIV Treatment Services: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Patients' Willingness to Pay for Treatment Services in Nigeria
    Olawale Durosinmi-Etti, Bruce Fried, Karine Dubé, Sean Sylvia, Sandra Greene, Akudo Ikpeazu and Emmanuel Kelechi Nwala
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100550; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00550

    Many Nigerian patients are willing to pay for HIV treatment, but several socioeconomic factors play significant roles in willingness and capacity to pay for treatment and the maximum amounts patients are willing to pay.

  • Open Access
    Matching Intent With Intensity: Implementation Research on the Intensity of Health and Nutrition Programs With Women's Self-Help Groups in India
    Avishek Hazra, Aikantika Das, Jaleel Ahmad, Shivani Singh, Indrajit Chaudhuri, Apollonius Purty, Audrey Prost and Sapna Desai
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100383; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00383

    Adding health interventions to women's groups primarily formed for financial purposes, such as self-help groups, is a widely used strategy to reach low-income women. An analysis of implementation intensity highlights the importance of ensuring that women's groups have sufficient time and population coverage to address health issues.

  • Open Access
    Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program's Contributions to the National HIV and TB Programs, 2015–2020
    Alex R. Ario, Lilian Bulage, Yvette Wibabara, Peter Muwereza, Daniel Eurien, Steven N. Kabwama, Benon Kwesiga, Daniel Kadobera, Stavia Turyahabwe, Joshua B. Musinguzi, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Pamela M. Nasirumbi, Deus Lukoye, Julie R. Harris, Lisa A. Mills and Lisa J. Nelson
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100574; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00574

    The Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program has built the capacity of its fellows to address multiple gaps in the Uganda health system as well as to contribute to improving Uganda's ability to prevent, prepare for, and respond to public health emergencies such as HIV and TB.

  • Open Access
    Let's Talk About Sex: Improving Measurement of Contraceptive Use in Cross-Sectional Surveys by Accounting for Sexual Activity Recency
    Suzanne O. Bell, Elizabeth Larson, Shannon N. Wood and Performance Monitoring for Action Principal Investigators Group
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100597; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00597

    Findings suggest that the contraceptive use of unmarried women and those who were not recently sexually active are less likely to be captured in standard measures of current contraceptive use. Incorporating information from questions about contraceptive use at last sex may better capture coital-dependent method use and provide a more accurate assessment of who is protected against an unintended pregnancy at next sex.

  • Open Access
    HIV Care Continuum Services for People Who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan During COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of Service Provider Perspectives
    Tara McCrimmon, Anne Sundelson, Meruyert Darisheva, Louisa Gilbert, Timothy Hunt, Assel Terlikbayeva, Sholpan Primbetova and Nabila El-Bassel
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100619; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00619

    Needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in Kazakhstan have been crucial in providing care for people who inject drugs (PWID) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional supports and investments are needed to ensure that NSPs can continue to reach these marginalized populations while traditional medical systems are under strain.

  • Open Access
    The Equity Tool for Valuing Global Health Partnerships
    Charles P. Larson, Katrina M. Plamondon, Leslie Dubent, Frank Bicaba, Abel Bicaba, Tran Hung Minh, An Nguyen, Jacques E. Girard, Jean Ramdé and Theresa W. Gyorkos
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100316; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00316

    There is a need to more comprehensively identify and respond to equity in global health partnerships. The Equity Tool can support dialogue at any stage of a partnership, by individuals at any level. This assists partnerships to embrace ways of recognizing, understanding, and advancing equity in all their processes.

  • Open Access
    Human-Centered Design for Public Health Innovation: Codesigning a Multicomponent Intervention to Support Youth Across the HIV Care Continuum in Mozambique
    Trena I. Mukherjee, Allison Zerbe, Joanna Falcao, Shauna Carey, Alexandra Iaccarino, Brynn Kolada, Bruno Olmedo, Cady Shadwick, Hitesh Singhal, Lauren Weinstein, Mirriah Vitale, Eduarda De Pimentel De Gusmao and Elaine J. Abrams
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100664; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00664

    Using a human-centered design approach, we codesigned CombinADO, an intervention to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in care among adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYAHIV) in Nampula, Mozambique. CombinADO aims to foster peer connectedness and belonging, provide accessible medical knowledge, demystify and destigmatize HIV, and cultivate a sense of hope among AYAHIV.

  • Open Access
    Casting a Wide Net: HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Seroconverters in the Global Evaluation of Microbicide Sensitivity Project
    Lisa Levy, Jill M. Peterson, Lauren D. Kudrick, Bhavna Chohan, Everline Bosek, Irene Mukui, Mary Mugambi, Sarah Masyuko, Owen Mugurungi, Nonhlanhla Ndlovu, Imelda Mahaka, Megan Dunbar, Anita Hettema, Rudo A.P. Kuwengwa, Sindy Matse, Saiqa Mullick, Letitia Greener, Cara O'Connor, Diantha Pillay, Maria Fawzy, John W. Mellors, Urvi M. Parikh and the Global Evaluation of Microbicide Sensitivity (GEMS) project
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100122; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00122

    Global Evaluation of Microbicide Sensitivity projects in 4 countries demonstrated the feasibility of establishing an HIV drug resistance monitoring program for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). These projects will provide valuable information on seroconversions in the context of PrEP use and will serve to inform Ministries of Health and policy makers on the need for long-term surveillance approaches.

  • Open Access
    Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in Kigoma, Tanzania: A 13-Year Initiative
    Neena Prasad, Nguke Mwakatundu, Sunday Dominico, Prudence Masako, Wilfred Mongo, Yisambi Mwanshemele, Godson Maro, Leonard Subi, Paul Chaote, Neema Rusibamayila, Alicia Ruiz, Karen Schmidt, Mkambu Godfrey Kasanga, Samantha Lobis and Florina Serbanescu
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100484; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00484

    The 13-year Program to Reduce Maternal Deaths in Tanzania employed multifaceted maternal, newborn, and reproductive health interventions that contributed to increasing the availability and utilization of high-quality obstetric and family planning services and reducing maternal and perinatal mortality in Kigoma.

  • Open Access
    A Comprehensive Approach to Improving Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care in Kigoma, Tanzania
    Sunday Dominico, Florina Serbanescu, Nguke Mwakatundu, Mkambu Godfrey Kasanga, Paul Chaote, Leonard Subi, Godson Maro, Neena Prasad, Alicia Ruiz, Wilfred Mongo, Karen Schmidt and Samantha Lobis
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100485; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00485

    Efforts to increase the availability and utilization of high-quality emergency obstetric and newborn care and routine delivery care services in Kigoma were successful and subsequently contributed to significant reductions in maternal and perinatal mortality in the region.

  • Open Access
    Baseline Assessment of Evidence-Based Intrapartum Care Practices in Medical Schools in 3 States in India: A Mixed-Methods Study
    Kirti Iyengar, Madhu Gupta, Swarnika Pal, Kiranjit Kaur, Neena Singla, Madhur Verma, Anchal Dhiman, Rimpi Singla, Minakshi Rohilla, Vanita Suri, Neelam Aggarwal, Tarundeep Singh, Poonam Goel, N. K. Goel, Reena Pant, Kusum Lata Gaur, Hanslata Gehlot, Indra Bhati, Manoj Verma, Sudesh Agarwal, Rekha Acharya, Keerti Singh, Madhubala Chauhan, Radha Rastogi, Renu Bedi, Poornima Pancholi, Bipin Nayak, Bhavesh Modi, Kanaklata Nakum, Atul Trivedi, Shonali Aggarwal and Sangita Patel
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100590; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00590

    The study findings have identified significant gaps between current intrapartum care practices and recommended national and international guidelines in the medical schools of 3 states in India.

FIELD ACTION REPORTS

  • Open Access
    Implementation of Refugees' Inclusion in National Viral Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Screening Campaign in Mahama Refugee Camp, Rwanda
    Françoise Nyirahabihirwe, Innocent Kamali, Dale A. Barnhart, Jean de la Paix Gakuru, Tumusime Musafiri, Dina Denis Rwamuhinda, Placide Mutabazi, Stephanie Mukayirabuka, Jean Damascene Makuza, Noor Kassim, Joel M. Mubiligi, Jean d'Amour Ndahimana and Fredrick Kateera
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100349; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00349

    Conducting a high-quality mass screening campaign for Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus was a feasible, effective, and low-cost strategy to integrate refugees into Rwanda's national hepatitis prevention and management program.

  • Open Access
    Using a Rapid Knowledge Translation Approach for Better Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Bangladesh, Burundi, Indonesia, and Jordan
    Kimberley Meijers, Anke van der Kwaak, Ibrahim Aqel, Robert Borst, Françoise Jenniskens, Aryanti Radyowijati, Arnob Chakrabarty, Eric Nzeyimana, Ely Sawitri and Noor Tromp
    Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100461; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00461

    There is a growing need for approaches to support rapid knowledge translation processes that can create changes in policy and practice and that can apply to different country contexts. The collaborative rapid improvement model for knowledge translation in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) implemented in 4 countries improved SRHR practice and policies.

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In this issue

Global Health: Science and Practice: 10 (2)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 10, No. 2
April 28, 2022
  • Table of Contents
  • About the Cover
  • Index by Author

Issue highlights

  • Sustainability of Funding for HIV Treatment Services: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Patients' Willingness to Pay for Treatment Services in Nigeria
  • Matching Intent With Intensity: Implementation Research on the Intensity of Health and Nutrition Programs With Women's Self-Help Groups in India
  • Scaling Up Improved Inpatient Treatment of Severe Malnutrition: Key Factors and Experiences From South Africa, Bolivia, Malawi, and Ghana
  • Using a Rapid Knowledge Translation Approach for Better Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Bangladesh, Burundi, Indonesia, and Jordan
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Uptake and Short-Term Retention in HIV Treatment Among Men in South Africa: The Coach Mpilo Pilot Project
What Distinguishes Women Who Choose to Self-Inject? A Prospective Cohort Study of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users in Ghana
COVID-19 Partners Platform—Accelerating Response by Coordinating Plans, Needs, and Contributions During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 Vaccines Use Case
Beyond Institutionalization: Planning for Sustained Investments in Training, Supervision, and Support of Community Health Worker Programs in Bangladesh
Global Research Priorities for Understanding and Improving Respectful Care for Newborns: A Modified Delphi Study
US AIDJohns Hopkins Center for Communication ProgramsUniversity of Alberta

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