What Distinguishes Women Who Choose to Self-Inject? A Prospective Cohort Study of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users in Ghana

Figures & Tables

TABLE 1

Characteristics of Women at First Injection Who Continued Using DMPA-SC at Third Injection, Ghana (n=378)

	No. (%)
Age range, years
18–24	124 (32.8)
25–29	98 (25.9)
30–34	72 (19.0)
35 and older	84 (22.2)
Marital status
Never married	114 (30.2)
Ever married/in union	264 (69.8)
Number of living children
None	57 (15.1)
1-2	162 (42.9)
3+	159 (42.1)
Region/residence
Ashanti rural	67 (17.7)
Ashanti urban	93 (24.6)
Volta rural	77 (20.4)
Volta urban	141 (37.3)
Education
No education	31 (8.2)
Primary	70 (18.5)
Junior secondary school/junior high school	189 (50.0)
Senior secondary school/senior high school or higher	88 (23.3)
Employment status
Not currently working	148 (39.2)
Currently working	230 (60.8)
Previously used FP
New FP user	166 (43.9)
Previous DMPA-IM user	172 (45.5)
Previous user of other method	40 (10.6)
Receipt of MIIplus
Did not receive full MIIplus	98 (25.9)
Received full MIIplus	280 (74.1)
Mode of administration of third injection
Provider-administered	104 (27.5)
Self-administered	274 (72.5)
At the facility (on-site)	96 (25.4)
At home	178 (47.1)

Abbreviations: DMPA-IM, intramuscular injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; DMPA-SC, subcutaneous injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; FP, family planning; MIIplus, revised method information index.

TABLE 2.

Mode of DMPA-SC Injection Administration at Third Injection by Respondent Characteristics, Ghana (n=378)

	No.	Provider-Administered, %	Self-Injection, %
Age range, years^a
18–24	124	21.8	78.2
25–29	98	25.5	74.5
30–34	72	23.6	76.4
35 and older	84	41.7	58.3
Marital status^a
Never married	114	19.3	80.7
Ever married/in union	264	31.1	68.9
Number of living children
None	57	17.5	82.5
1–2	162	25.9	74.1
3+	159	32.7	67.3
Region/residence
Ashanti rural	67	17.9	82.1
Ashanti urban	92	68.8	31.2
Volta rural	77	9.1	90.9
Volta urban	141	14.9	85.1
Education
No education	31	35.5	64.5
Primary	70	21.4	78.6
Junior secondary school/junior high school	189	30.7	69.3
Senior secondary school/senior high school or higher	88	22.7	77.3
Employment status
Not currently working	148	22.3	77.7
Currently working	230	30.9	69.1
Previously used FP^b
New FP user	166	18.7	81.3
Previous DMPA-IM user	172	37.2	62.8
Previous user of other method	40	22.5	77.5
Receipt of MIIplus^c
Did not receive full MIIplus	98	43.9	56.1
Received full MIIplus	280	21.8	78.2
Total	378	27.5	72.5

Abbreviations: DMPA-IM, intramuscular injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; DMPA-SC, subcutaneous injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; FP, family planning; MIIplus, revised method information index.
↵a P<.05.
↵b P<.01.
↵c P<.001.

TABLE 3.

Adjusted Odds Ratios of DMPA-SC Self-Injection at Third Injection, Ghana (n=378)^a

	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
Age range, years
18–24	ref
25–29	1.23	0.56, 2.69
30–34	1.35	0.49, 3.70
35 and older	0.64	0.25, 1.60
Marital status
Ever married/in union	ref
Never married	2.32^b	1.05, 5.14
Number of living children
None	Ref
1–2 children	1.21	0.44, 3.29
3+ children	1.39	0.44, 4.45
Education
No education	0.93	0.35, 2.50
Primary	1.19	0.55, 2.60
Junior secondary school/junior high school	Ref
Senior secondary school/senior high school or higher	2.69^b	1.21, 6.01
Employment status
Not currently working	Ref
Currently working	1.58	0.83, 3.00
Previously used family planning
New FP user	2.51^c	1.31, 4.80
Previous DMPA-IM user	Ref
Previous user of other method	2.68	0.98, 7.34
Receipt of MIIplus
Did not receive full MIIplus	Ref
Received full MIIplus	0.85	0.42, 1.71

Abbreviations: DMPA-IM, intramuscular injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; DMPA-SC, subcutaneous injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; FP, family planning; MIIplus, revised method information index.
↵a Adjusted for clustering at the region/residence level.
↵b P<.05.
↵c P<.01.