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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access

Extending Delivery of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention to Children Aged 5–10 Years in Chad: A Mixed-Methods Study

Azoukalné Moukénet, Laura Donovan, Beakgoubé Honoré, Kevin Baker, Helen Smith, Sol Richardson and Charlotte Ward
Global Health: Science and Practice February 2022, 10(1):e2100161; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00161
Azoukalné Moukénet
aMalaria Consortium Chad Country Office, N’Djamena, Chad.
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Laura Donovan
bMalaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom.
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Beakgoubé Honoré
aMalaria Consortium Chad Country Office, N’Djamena, Chad.
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Kevin Baker
bMalaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom.
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Helen Smith
cIndependent consultant, International Health Consulting Services Ltd., United Kingdom.
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Sol Richardson
bMalaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom.
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Charlotte Ward
dLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
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  • For correspondence: charlotte.ward{at}lshtm.ac.uk
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    TABLE 1.

    Coverage of SMC by Age Group and Cycle in the Health District of Massaguet and in 20 Health Districts Supported by Malaria Consortium, 2019

    Age, monthsLocationCycle 1Cycle 3Cycle 4
    n/N%95% CIn/N%95% CIn/N%95% CI
    3–11Massaguet6/6100.054.1, 100.079/8098.893.2, 100.010/1283.351.6, 97.9
    20 health districts387/44686.883.3, 89.8625/73185.582.7, 88.0455/50889.686.6, 92.1
    12–59Massaguet260/26199.697.9, 100.0200/20199.597.3, 100.0163/16797.694.0, 99.3
    20 health districts3,764/4,11091.690.7, 92.43,570/4,05688.087.0, 89.04,758/5,05594.193.4, 94.8
    60–108MassaguetNANANA1/1100.02.5, 100.010/1662.535.4, 84.8
    20 health districts217/51142.538.1, 46.985/69612.29.9, 14.9509/78464.961.5, 68.3
    • Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval, NA, no data available.

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    TABLE 2.

    Roles of Key Informants Interviewed on SMC Coverage, Chad

    LevelOrganizationRole in SMC Program
    National (n=4)NMCPLead the national technical committee of SMC
    Provide technical coordination of SMC activities from planning to implementation and evaluation
    Central Pharmaceutical DrugEnsure safe storage and quality control of SMC drug
    UNICEFSupport SMC implementation including planning, monitoring and evaluation, activities implementation, and drug supply in relation to national strategy
    National High Consultative CouncilsMobilize resources from the Global Fund and provide strategy orientation
    Conduct monitoring and evaluation of activities implemented by partners including United Nations Development Programme (the main recipient implementing SMC through NMCP)
    District (n=4)Provincial Health Delegation of Hadjer LamisCoordinate all health activities and programs in the province including SMC (representing the Ministry of Health)
    District of MassaguetConduct activities from planning to implementation and reporting of SMC activities and ensure the SMC implementation in the health centers
    Conduct social mobilization
    Ensure the safe drug storage and dispatching into health centers
    Facility (n=2)Health centerConduct the SMC implementation, training of community distributors and supervisors, supervision of SMC drug administering, daily data reporting on SMC implementation, and stock reconciliation of drug
    Community (n=4)CommunitySupervisors oversee community distributors’ activities including drug administering, data reporting, reference cases, and stock reconciliation
    Village leaders sensitize community to adhere to SMC intervention and solve refusal cases
    • Abbreviations: NMCP, National Malaria Control Program; SMC, seasonal chemoprevention program.

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    TABLE 3.

    Sociodemographic Characteristics of FGD Participants: Community Distributors and Caregivers

    Community DistributorsCaregivers
    MaleFemaleAged Younger Than 30 YearsAged Older Than 30 Years
    Massaguet Urbain (N=8)N'Djamena Fara (N=8)Massaguet Urbain (N=8)N'Djamena Fara (N=7)Massaguet Urbain (N=8)N'Djamena Fara (N=8)Massaguet Urbain (N=8)N'Djamena Fara (N=8)
    Age, years
     18–3067758800
     31–4021120064
     41–5000000024
    Education
     None00012011
     Koranic00000003
     Primary14111053
     Secondary73745811
     Tertiary01010010
    Employment
     Student50001300
     Farmer14001016
     Housewife00422011
     Tailor00100000
     Teacher01000000
     Trader13334561
     Other10020000
    No. years' experience conducting SMC
     10731N/AN/AN/AN/A
     20000N/AN/AN/AN/A
     30000N/AN/AN/AN/A
     40033N/AN/AN/AN/A
     53111N/AN/AN/AN/A
     65011N/AN/AN/AN/A
    Age of children treated, months
     < 3N/AN/AN/AN/A0000
     3–11N/AN/AN/AN/A0000
     12–59N/AN/AN/AN/A7567
     > 60N/AN/AN/AN/A1221
    • Abbreviations: N/A, not applicable; SMC, seasonal chemoprevention.

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Global Health: Science and Practice: 10 (1)
Global Health: Science and Practice
Vol. 10, No. 1
February 28, 2022
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Extending Delivery of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention to Children Aged 5–10 Years in Chad: A Mixed-Methods Study
Azoukalné Moukénet, Laura Donovan, Beakgoubé Honoré, Kevin Baker, Helen Smith, Sol Richardson, Charlotte Ward
Global Health: Science and Practice Feb 2022, 10 (1) e2100161; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00161

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Extending Delivery of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention to Children Aged 5–10 Years in Chad: A Mixed-Methods Study
Azoukalné Moukénet, Laura Donovan, Beakgoubé Honoré, Kevin Baker, Helen Smith, Sol Richardson, Charlotte Ward
Global Health: Science and Practice Feb 2022, 10 (1) e2100161; DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00161
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