Figures & Tables
Tables
Medical Officer AYUSH Medical Officer Rural Medical Assistant Paramedical Staff All Providers Patient Characteristics Malea 153 (57%) 184 (62%) 168 (62%) 139 (57%) 644 (60%) Age (years)b 27.4 (19.6) 22.0 (17.5) 29.8 (21.7) 28.3 (21.6) 26.7 (20.3) Literatea 192 (71%) 218 (74%) 203 (74%) 160 (66%) 773 (71%) Household sizeb 6.6 (3.2) 6.3 (2.6) 6.2 (3.2) 6.7 (3.3) 6.4 (3.1) Wealth indexb 0.24 (1.9) −0.48 (1.6) 0.23 (1.8) 0.06 (1.7) 0.0 (1.8) Waiting time >10 minutesa 60 (22%) 40 (14%) 28 (10%) 7 (2.9%) 135 (13%) No. of Observations 269 296 273 244 1082 Provider Characteristics Malea 26 (81%) 33 (94%) 23 (64%) 29 (83%) 111 (80%) Ageb 41.8 (7.1) 34.9 (6.2) 26.3 (1.8) 33.2 (11.3) 33.8 (9.1) Experience at PHC level (months)a 145 (83.6) 39 (20.9) 11 (1.8) 108 (130) 74 (93) No. of Observations 32 35 36 35 138 Facility Characteristics No. of drug stockouts in past yearb 1.8 (3.0) 1.5 (2.5) 1.4 (1.5) 1.8 (2.8) 1.6 (2.5) PHC infrastructure indexb 0.84 (2.2) −0.35 (1.6) 0.16 (2.0) −0.59 (1.8) 0.0 (2.0) No. of Observations 32 35 36 35 138 Village Characteristics Tribala 8 (25%) 26 (74%) 12 (33%) 9 (26%) 55 (40%) Village development indexb 0.50 (1.0) −0.85 (1.9) 0.05 (1.0) 0.34 (1.2) 0.0 (1.4) Distance from PHC to nearest road (km) b 1.8 (4.4) 2.1 (5.3) 12.1 (66.5) 2.4 (5.1) 4.7 (34.2) No. of Observations 32 35 36 35 138 Medical Officer AYUSH Medical Officer Rural Medical Assistant Paramedical Staff Cronbach's Alpha Patient Satisfaction, N (%)a 224 (84%) 238 (80%) 231 (85%) 178 (73%) Dimensions of Perceived Quality Medical Advice (3 items) 0.74 Standardized score, mean (95% CI) 0.07 (−0.13, 0.26) −0.11 (−0.25, 0.04) 0.17 (−0.04, 0.31) −0.14 (−0.39, 0.11) Adjusted mean difference, mean (95% CI)b Reference −0.08 (−0.29, 0.14) 0.19 (−0.08, 0.45) −0.12 (−0.40, 0.16) Medical Consultation (4 items) 0.79 Standardized score, mean (95% CI) 0.12 (−0.09, 0.33) −0.06 (−0.23, 0.12) 0.19 (0.01, 0.36) −0.27 (−0.50, −0.04) Adjusted mean difference, mean (95% CI)b Reference −0.06 (−0.26, 0.15) 0.12 (−0.12, 0.35) −0.21 (−0.44, 0.01) Staff Behavior (3 items) 0.82 Standardized score, mean (95% CI) −0.03 (−0.15, −0.09) −0.08 (−0.23, 0.07) 0.09 (−0.08, 0.26) 0.03 (−0.17, 0.23) Adjusted mean difference, mean (95% CI)b Reference 0.09 (−0.06, 0.24) 0.15 (−0.04, 0.33) 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) Facility Infrastructure (3 items) 0.69 Standardized score, mean (95% CI) 0.06 (−0.12, 0.24) −0.06 (−0.23, 0.11) 0.14 (−0.06, 0.35) −0.15 (0.51, 0.21) Adjusted mean difference, mean (95% CI)b Reference 0.10 (−0.14, 0.34) 0.23 (−0.06, 0.52) −0.002 (−0.25, 0.24) Patient's Trust in Clinician's Skill and Ability Standardized score, mean (95% CI) 0.24 (0.10, 0.38) −0.04 (−0.20, 0.12) 0.03 (−0.14, 0.19) −0.24 (0.46, −0.02) Adjusted mean difference, mean (95% CI)b Reference −0.12 (−0.29, 0.05) −0.08 (−0.27, 0.11) −0.30 (−0.47, −0.14) Observations 269 296 273 244 Number of facilities (clusters) 32 35 36 35 ↵a Five values for general patient satisfaction were missing; missing values were omitted from calculations.
↵b Results for AYUSH, Rural Medical Assistant, and paramedical are the difference in mean scores between their group and the Medical Officer group, after controlling for the sex, age, wealth, and literacy of the patient; the sex and age of the clinical provider; and facility infrastructure and location (tribal area and distance to nearest road).
Scale Items Factor 1 Medical Advice Factor 2 Medical Consultation Factor 3 Staff Behavior Factor 4 Facility Infrastructure The doctor gave you complete information about your illness 0.7639 0.1559 0.1004 0.076 The doctor gave you complete information about your treatment 0.7236 0.1571 0.1518 0.1122 The doctor gave you advice about ways to avoid illness and stay healthy 0.493 0.2062 0.1809 0.1392 Staff of the health facility talked to you politely 0.1226 0.1797 0.7163 0.1055 Staff of the health facility were helpful 0.1567 0.195 0.7398 0.1342 Staff behavior was good 0.0797 0.2126 0.7501 0.1352 The doctor gave you adequate time 0.1711 0.5901 0.3463 0.0986 The doctor listened carefully to what you had to say 0.1172 0.6832 0.2631 0.0777 The doctor checked you properly 0.269 0.6117 0.1441 0.2124 The doctor was ready to answer all your questions 0.1703 0.6462 0.2189 0.0969 Cleanliness of the health facility was adequate 0.1205 0.0621 0.1663 0.5349 This health facility had all requisite amenities 0.107 0.1453 0.1366 0.7675 This health facility had all the drugs you needed 0.1072 0.1065 0.1984 0.5522 Items in boldface represent those that have high loadings on a particular factor. Items with high loadings were then used to interpret the factor and to construct the perceived quality sub-scales.
