Figures & Tables
Figures
A portable scale and measuring board allowed the researchers to collect anthropometric measurements from study participants during all 3 household surveys.
Interviewers showed study participants 3 different-sized containers to help them estimate portion sizes of the foods they ate.
- Figure 1.
Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Food Variety Score (FVS) (N = 210; ρ = 0.204; P = .003)
- Figure 2.
Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) (N = 210; ρ = 0.147; P = .03)
- Figure 3.
Proportion of Women From 3 Districts in Tanzania Associating Positive Characteristics With a Corpulent Person (multiple answers possible)
- Figure 4.
Proportion of Women From 3 Districts in Tanzania Associating Negative Characteristics With a Corpulent Person (multiple answers possible)
Tables
Characteristics All Districts District 1 (Kongwa) District 2 (Muheza) District 3 (Singida) N 210 52 69 89 Age, mean, y 33.7 30.8 34.6 34.8 Ethnic group (%) Bondei 7.6 0.0 23.2 0.0 Gogo 13.3 53.8 0.0 0.0 Kaguru 7.1 28.8 0.0 0.0 Nyaturu 41.9 3.8 0.0 96.6 Shambaa 11.4 13.5 34.8 0.0 Other 18.6 0.0 42.0 3.4 Education (%) Illiterate 7.6 7.7 8.7 6.7 Primary school 90.0 88.5 88.4 92.1 More than primary 2.4 3.8 2.9 1.1 Wealth statusa (%) Low 26.7 30.8 33.3 19.1 Medium 29.0 36.5 29.0 24.7 High 44.3 32.7 37.7 56.2 DDS (median across seasons)b 6 5 8 4 FVS (mean across seasons)c 8.4 7.2 10.9 7.2 Cultivating/collecting indigenous vegetables (%) 98.1 98.1 99.0 97.4 Cultivating exotic vegetables (%) 31.1 12.2 16.9 53.2 ↵a According to number of possessions, setting of the house, number of livestock, type of occupation, and whether vegetables were sold.
↵b DDS, Dietary Diversity Score, calculated by summing the number of food groups consumed by an individual over a 24-hour recall period.
↵c FVS, Food Variety Score, counting single foods over a 24-hour recall period.
- Table 2. Median Body Mass Index (BMI) Values and Percent Distribution in 4 BMI Categories of Interviewed Women, by District and Season, Rural Tanzania
Distribution by weight category (%) N Median (kg/m2) Range (kg/m2) Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) Obese (≥30 kg/m2) All districts/seasons 210 21.7 14.9–37.7 7.1 71.0 15.7 6.2 Kongwa 52 21.6 17.7–34.7 1.9 75.0 19.2 3.8 Muheza 69 22.5 14.9–37.7 8.7 66.7 14.5 10.1 Singida 89 21.4 16.4–35.2 9.0 71.9 14.6 4.5 June/July (dry season) 210 21.7 14.3–37.3 6.7 71.9 15.2 6.2 November/December (short rains) 210 21.9 15.3–37.7 8.1 70.0 15.7 6.2 March/April (long rains) 210 21.7 12.3–37.2 10.0 68.6 14.8 6.7 - Table 3. Results of Multiple Regression Analysis With ln(BMI) as Dependent Variable, 210 Women from 3 Districts of Tanzania, Mean Across 3 Seasons if Applicable
Unstandardized coefficients Standardized coefficients B SE β t P-value eB (Constant) 2.898 0.079 36.486 .000 Age 0.003 0.002 0.121 1.748 .08 1.003 Low education 0.068 0.041 0.112 1.642 .10 1.070 High education −0.092 0.072 −0.086 −1.277 .20 0.912 Kongwa 0.020 0.029 0.053 0.692 .49 1.020 Muheza −0.032 0.034 −0.093 −0.935 .35 0.969 Dietary Pattern 2 0.022 0.013 0.139 1.682 .09 1.022 FVS 0.014 0.007 0.204 2.008 .046 1.014 Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FVS, Food Variety Score; ln, natural logarithm of; SE, standard error.
eB = inverse of the natural logarithm of B.
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