Elsevier

Contraception

Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 367-371
Contraception

Clinical Guidelines
Use of the Mirena™ LNG-IUS and Paragard™ CuT380A intrauterine devices in nulliparous women

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2010.01.010Get rights and content

Abstract

Two intrauterine devices (IUDs) are available in the United States, the levonorgestrel-bearing intrauterine system (Mirena™) and the copper-bearing T380A (Paragard™). These devices have very low typical-use failure rates but are used by only a minority of women. In particular, there is concern about their use in nulliparous women. We review the available data to address common concerns about using IUDs in this population and show that nulliparous women desiring effective contraception should be considered candidates for IUDs.

Section snippets

Background

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective, safe and well-tolerated contraceptives with typical-use failure rates (TUFRs) similar to surgical sterilization [1], [2]. Two IUDs are available for use in the United States, the CuT380A, a T-shaped copper-bearing device marketed in the United States as Paragard™, and the T-shaped Mirena™ LNG-IUS (levonorgestrel intrauterine system). Despite their low failure rates, both of these devices remain relatively underused in the United States [3].

Does intrauterine contraception maintain its low failure rate in nulliparous women?

Intrauterine devices are highly effective methods of contraception, with TUFRs of 0.2% for the Mirena™ LNG-IUS and 0.8% for the Paragard™ CuT380A in the first year of use [1], [4]. There are limited data on the failure rates of Mirena™ and Paragard™ stratified by parity. In a prospective study comparing the Mirena™ LNG-IUS with oral contraceptive pills by Suhonen et al. [13], no pregnancies occurred in 94 nulliparous women using the LNG-IUS over 1 year. In another more recent prospective pilot

Conclusion and Recommendations

The following recommendations are based on good and consistent scientific evidence (Level A):

  • The Mirena™ LNG-IUS and the Paragard™ T380A are effective and safe contraceptive devices for nulliparous women.

  • When compared to other methods of contraception, IUDs have comparable or higher continuation rates of use in nulliparous women.

  • IUDs do not increase the risk of pelvic infection or infertility. Levonorgestrel-based devices reduce users' risk of pelvic infection.

The following recommendations are

Important questions to be answered

Further research is needed to define the risks and benefits of different IUDs in nulliparous women. Demonstration of the acceptability of IUDs in this population may help to allay clinicians' concerns and increase the use of these highly effective contraceptive methods in this group. Further research into pain control and other methods of easing insertion may be of particular benefit to nulliparous women.

References (42)

  • HubacherD.

    Pain from copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized trial of prophylactic ibuprofen

    Am J Obstet Gynecol

    (2006)
  • Otero-FloresJ.B. et al.

    A comparative randomized study of three different IUDs in nulliparous Mexican women

    Contraception

    (2003)
  • SivinI.

    Problems in the conduct and analysis of “a comparative randomized study of three different IUDs in nulliparous Mexican women”

    Contraception

    (2004)
  • O'BrienP.A. et al.

    Copper-containing, framed intrauterine devices for contraception: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

    Contraception

    (2008)
  • Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson A, Cates W, Stewart F, Kowal D. Contraceptive technology 19th edition;...
  • ACOG Practice Bulletin #59

    Obstet Gynecol

    (2005)
  • The Guttmacher Institute

    Facts on contraceptive use

  • National Survey of Family Growth 2002, Centers for disease control and...
  • StubbsE. et al.

    The evidence is in. Why are IUDs still out? Family physicians' perceptions of risk and indications

    Can Fam Physician

    (2008)
  • StanwoodN.L. et al.

    Young women's knowledge of modern intrauterine devices

    Obstet Gynecol

    (2006)
  • AskerC. et al.

    What is it about intrauterine devices that women find unacceptable? Factors that make women non-users: a qualitative study

    J Fam Plan Reprod Health Care

    (2006)
  • Cited by (107)

    • Intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease: Myth or reality?

      2018, Gynecologie Obstetrique Fertilite et Senologie
    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text