Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Burkina Faso: Needs for Patient and Professional Education

  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cervical cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths for women in low-income African countries, such as Burkina Faso. Given that cervical cancer is a preventable disease through early detection and vaccination, this study aimed at understanding the barriers to cervical cancer early detection in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. Women seeking screening and treatment for cervical cancer (n = 351) during the period of May–August 2014, at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, were interviewed about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward cervical cancer. Interview questions elicited information about sociodemographic of participants, history of screening, knowledge of cervical cancer, and attitudes toward cervical screening. Scores were assigned to responses of questions and knowledge, and tertitles of distributions were used for comparison. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to predict cervical screening. Study participants were relatively young (37.5 ± 10.7 years) and predominately resident of urban areas (83.8 %), and over half had no or less than high school education. Over 90 % of participants had heard about cervical cancer, and about 55 % of them had intermediate-level knowledge of the disease, its screening, and/or risk factors. Knowledge level was lower among rural than urban residents. Predictors of screening included higher level of education (odds ratio (OR) = 2.2; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.48–3.23), older age (OR = 1.1; 95 % CI 1.06–1.12), higher socioeconomic standard (SES) (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI 1–2.37), urban residence (OR = 2.0; 95 % CI 1.19–3.25), encouragement for screening by a health care worker (1.98; 95 % CI 1.06–3.69), and employment (OR = 1.9; 95 % CI 1.13–3.11). Low awareness and socioeconomic barriers lead to underutilization of screening services of women. Motivation and education by healthcare workers are important factors for increasing screening rates. Organized patient and professional education programs in gynecologic services are warranted for improving screening in Burkina Faso and other low-resource countries in Africa.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2013) Latest world cancer statistics global cancer burden rises to 14.1 million new cases in 2012: marked increase in breast cancers must be addressed. World Health Organization 1-3

  2. Louie KS, de Sanjose S, Mayaud P (2009) Epidemiology and prevention of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review. Trop Med Int Health 14:1287–1302

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anorlu RI (2008) Cervical cancer: the sub-Saharan African perspective. Reprod Health Matters 16:41–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Denny L, Adewole I, Anorlu R, Dreyer G, Moodley M, Smith T, Snyman L, Wiredu E, Molijn A, Quint W, Ramakrishnan G, Schmidt J (2014) Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in invasive cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Cancer 134:1389–1398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Awolude OA, Morhason-Bello IO, Denny LA, Adewole IF (2013) Human papillomavirus infection and related cancers in sub-Saharan Africa: burden and tools for prevention. Vaccine 31(Suppl 5): vii-x

  6. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D (2011) Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 61:69–90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bradford L, Goodman A (2013) Cervical cancer screening and prevention in low-resource settings. Clin Obstet Gynecol 56:76–87

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Rodriguez AC, Wacholder S (2007) Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet 370:890–907

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Rajkumar R, Muwonge R, Swaminathan R, Shanthakumari S, Fayette JM, Cherian J (2007) Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 370:398–406

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Central Intelligence Agency (2014) The world factbook: Africa, Burkina Faso. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/goes/uv.htm

  11. Adanu RM, Seffah JD, Duda R, Darko R, Hill A, Anarfi J (2010) Clinic visits and cervical cancer screening in Accra. Ghana Med J 44:59–63

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Sawadogo B, Gitta SN, Rutebemberwa E, Sawadogo M, Meda N (2014) Knowledge and beliefs on cervical cancer and practices on cervical cancer screening among women aged 20 to 50 years in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2012: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 18:175

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Peters LM, Soliman AS, Bukori P, Mkuchu J, Ngoma T (2010) Evidence for the need of educational programs for cervical screening in rural Tanzania. J Cancer Educ 25:153–159

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Lyimo FS, Beran TN (2012) Demographic, knowledge, attitudinal, and accessibility factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in a rural district of Tanzania: three public policy implications. BMC Public Health 12:22, 2458-12-22

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Nwankwo KC, Aniebue UU, Aguwa EN, Anarado AN, Agunwah E (2011) Knowledge attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening among urban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screening. Eur J Cancer Care 20:362–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Getahun F, Mazengia F, Abuhay M, Birhanu Z (2013) Comprehensive knowledge about cervical cancer is low among women in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Cancer 13:2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Cunningham MS, Skrastins E, Fitzpatrick R, Jindal P, Oneko O, Yeates K, Booth CM, Carpenter J, Aronson KJ (2015) Cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccine acceptability among rural and urban women in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. BMJ Open 5:e005828

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Mingo AM, Panozzo CA, DiAngi YT, Smith JS, Steenhoff AP, Ramogola-Masire D, Brewer NT (2012) Cervical cancer awareness and screening in Botswana. Int J Gynecol Cancer 22:638–644

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Eze JN, Umeora OU, Obuna JA, Egwuatu VE, Ejikeme BN (2012) Cervical cancer awareness and cervical screening uptake at the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Afikpo, Southeast Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 11:238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Johnson CE, Mues KE, Mayne SL, Kiblawi AN (2008) Cervical cancer screening among immigrants and ethnic minorities: a systematic review using the health belief model. J Low Genit Tract Dis 12:232–241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chilton JA, Gor BJ, Hajek RA, Jones LA (2005) Cervical cancer among Vietnamese women: efforts to define the problem among Houston's population. Gynecol Oncol 99:S203–S206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lor M, Khang PY, Xiong P, Moua KF, Lauver D (2013) Understanding Hmong women's beliefs, feelings, norms, and external conditions about breast and cervical cancer screening. Public Health Nurs 30:420–428

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kim YM, Ati A, Kols A, Lambe FM, Soetikno D, Wysong M, Tergas AI, Rajbhandari P, Lu E (2012) Influencing women's actions on cervical cancer screening and treatment in Karawang District, Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13:2913–2921

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. White HL, Mulambia C, Sinkala M, Mwanahamuntu MH, Parham GP, Kapambwe S, Moneyham L, Kempf MC, Chamot E (2012) Motivations and experiences of women who accessed “see and treat” cervical cancer prevention services in Zambia. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 33:91–98

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Raza SA, Franceschi S, Pallardy S, Malik FR, Avan BI, Zafar A, Ali SH, Pervez S, Serajuddaula S, Snijders PJ, van Kemenade FJ, Meijer CJ, Shershah S, Clifford GM (2010) Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Karachi, Pakistan. Br J Cancer 102:1657–1660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Sherpa AT, Clifford GM, Vaccarella S, Shrestha S, Nygard M, Karki BS, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ, Franceschi S (2010) Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Nepal. Cancer Causes Control 21:323–330

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ersin F, Bahar Z (2013) Barriers and facilitating factors perceived in Turkish women’s behaviors towards early cervical cancer detection: a qualitative approach. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14:4977–4982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kesic V, Markovic M, Matejic B, Topic L (2005) Awareness of cervical cancer screening among women in Serbia. Gynecol Oncol 99:S222–S225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ma GX, Wang MQ, Ma XS, Shive SE, Tan Y, Toubbeh JI (2013) Pathways of cervical cancer screening among Chinese women. Int J Womens Health 5:351–359

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Abotchie PN, Shokar NK (2009) Cervical cancer screening among college students in Ghana: knowledge and health beliefs. Int J Gynecol Cancer 19:412–416

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Wamai RG, Ayissi CA, Oduwo GO, Perlman S, Welty E, Manga S, Ogembo JG (2012) Assessing the effectiveness of a community-based sensitization strategy in creating awareness about HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among parents in North West Cameroon. J Community Health 37:917–926

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Balogun MR, Odukoya OO, Oyediran MA, Ujomu PI (2012) Cervical cancer awareness and preventive practices: a challenge for female urban slum dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health 16

  33. Akinyemiju TF (2012) Socio-economic and health access determinants of breast and cervical cancer screening in low-income countries: analysis of the World Health Survey. PLoS One 7:e48834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Castillino RB, Raddi SA, Dalal A (2012) Assessment of knowledge and perceived barriers to prevention of cervical cancer among women attending gynecology OPD at KLE’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum, Karnataka, with a view to develop an information booklet. J South Asian Fed Obstet Gynecol 4:169–171

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Disclosure

This work was entirely supported by the Cancer Epidemiology Education in Special Populations (CEESP) Program of the University of Nebraska Medical Center through funding from the National Cancer Institute (R25CA112383). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA

    Salomon Compaore, Robert M. Chamberlain & Amr S. Soliman

  2. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo de Ouagadougou (CHU/YO), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Charlemagne M. R. Ouedraogo

  3. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Seni Koanda

  4. Institut Africain de Sante Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Seni Koanda

  5. Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Gleb Haynatzki

  6. Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA

    Robert M. Chamberlain

Authors
  1. Salomon Compaore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Charlemagne M. R. Ouedraogo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seni Koanda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gleb Haynatzki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Robert M. Chamberlain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Amr S. Soliman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amr S. Soliman.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Compaore, S., Ouedraogo, C.M.R., Koanda, S. et al. Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Burkina Faso: Needs for Patient and Professional Education. J Canc Educ 31, 760–766 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0898-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0898-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation