| Variables | Rural | Other Urban | Metropolitan | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | |
| Facilities' readiness to provide delivery servicesa | ||||||
| Low readiness | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Medium readiness | 1.43 | 0.93, 2.18 | 1.74 | 0.71, 4.26 | 1.02 | 0.74, 1.41 |
| High readiness | 1.33 | 0.95, 1.85 | 2.74** | 1.34, 5.60 | 1.41 | 0.96, 2.05 |
| Availability of facilities with delivery servicesb | ||||||
| Medium availability | 1.00 | 1.00 | NA | |||
| High availability | 1.94*** | 1.38, 2.72 | 0.72 | 0.37, 1.41 | NA | |
| Mother's age at birth | 1.05*** | 1.03, 1.08 | 1.09*** | 1.05, 1.14 | 1.023 | 0.99, 1.05 |
| Birth order | ||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 2–3 | 0.31*** | 0.23, 0.42 | 0.28*** | 0.17, 0.47 | 0.61** | 0.43, 0.88 |
| 4–5 | 0.15*** | 0.10, 0.24 | 0.22*** | 0.10, 0.48 | 0.50* | 0.29, 0.86 |
| 6+ | 0.12*** | 0.07, 0.20 | 0.17** | 0.06, 0.49 | 0.42* | 0.20, 0.91 |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Primary | 1.47* | 1.04, 2.08 | 0.91 | 0.42, 1.96 | 3.23*** | 1.71, 6.12 |
| Secondary or higher | 2.06*** | 1.39, 3.06 | 1.91 | 0.86, 4.24 | 5.01*** | 2.63, 9.55 |
| Wealth quintilec | ||||||
| Lowest | 1.00 | NAc | NAc | NAc | NAc | |
| Second | 1.89*** | 1.37, 2.61 | NAc | NAc | NAc | NAc |
| Middle | 3.04*** | 2.11, 4.38 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Fourth | 5.72*** | 3.56, 9.21 | 1.47 | 0.87, 2.46 | 1.05 | 0.68, 1.63 |
| Highest | 11.14*** | 4.95, 25.07 | 2.82** | 1.49, 5.35 | 2.56*** | 1.55, 4.20 |
| Antenatal care visits | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1 | 4.75*** | 2.05, 10.99 | 2.02 | 0.47, 8.73 | 3.60* | 1.25, 10.32 |
| 2–3 | 4.17*** | 2.13, 8.17 | 2.16 | 0.69, 6.76 | 2.20* | 1.12, 4.32 |
| 4+ | 7.24*** | 3.81, 13.79 | 3.88* | 1.36, 11.05 | 3.95*** | 2.17, 7.18 |
| Departement | ||||||
| Ouest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Sud-est | 0.98 | 0.47, 2.03 | 1.00 | 0.11, 9.03 | ||
| Nord | 0.89 | 0.50, 1.57 | 2.00 | 0.57, 6.98 | ||
| Nord-est | 1.63 | 0.79, 3.39 | 2.37 | 0.55, 10.15 | ||
| Artibonite | 1.19 | 0.75, 1.88 | 1.60 | 0.46, 5.62 | ||
| Centre | 1.64 | 0.92, 2.92 | 1.92 | 0.46, 7.94 | ||
| Sud | 1.62 | 0.95, 2.76 | 2.46 | 0.48, 12.64 | ||
| Grand'anse | 0.97 | 0.40, 2.34 | 0.58 | 0.12, 2.79 | ||
| Nord-ouest | 1.02 | 0.54, 1.92 | 0.65 | 0.16, 2.68 | ||
| Nippes | 1.36 | 0.66, 2.81 | 2.67 | 0.31, 22.83 | ||
| Number of clusters | 201 | 69 | 59 | |||
| Observations | 2,571 | 802 | 650 | |||
↵a Regressions excluded women living in clusters with no health facility offering delivery services within the buffer since the readiness score is applied only to clusters with 1 or more health facilities.
↵b Since the analysis excluded women living in clusters with no health facility offering delivery services within the buffer (i.e., the low availability group), the medium availability group was set as the reference.
↵c In the metropolitan and other urban areas, no women were in the first wealth quintile and very few women were in the second wealth quintile; they were combined into the third quintile.
↵***P<.001; **P<.01; *P<.05.