Difference-in-Differences Estimates of the Impact of the SERC Initiative on Hospital-Based Maternal Mortality, Upper East and Upper West Regions, Ghana, 2009–2015
| MMR (95% CI) | Differences | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-SERC | Post-SERC | IRD (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | |
| Comparison district hospitals (n = 12) | 326 (272, 380) | 261 (194, 328) | −65 (−140, 10) | 0.80† (0.61, 1.05) |
| Intervention district hospitals (n = 2) | 618 (392, 844) | 201 (22, 381) | −417** (−693, −140) | 0.33* (0.13, 0.83) |
| Difference-in-differences (SERC effect) | −352* (−639, −65) | 0.41† (0.15, 1.07) | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRD, incidence rate difference (deaths per 100,000 live births); IRR, incidence rate ratio; MMR, maternal mortality ratio; SERC, Sustainable Emergency Referral Care.
Note: Estimates are from multilevel Poisson regressions of monthly hospital records of births and maternal deaths at 14 facilities in the Upper East and Upper West Regions of Ghana from 2009 to 2015. The hospital MMR is calculated as the number of facility-based deaths per 100,000 live births. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated using robust standard errors accounting for clustering at the facility level.
↵* P<.05; **P<.01; ***P<.001; ‡ P<.10.