| Covariates | Use of Modern Methodsa | P Value | Use of LARCs or PMsb | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |||
| Area (0 = non-voucher; 1 = voucher) | 0.73 (0.59, 0.91) | .005 | 0.55 (0.29, 1.05) | .07 |
| Year (0 = baseline; 1 = endline) | 1.24 (1.00, 1.53) | .05 | 1.11 (0.66, 1.88) | .69 |
| Interaction (area*year) | 1.35 (1.00, 1.81) | .05 | 3.32 (1.54, 7.15) | .002 |
| Age group, years (ref: 15–19) | ||||
| 20–24 | 0.87 (0.52, 1.45) | .59 | 2.25 (0.28, 18.02) | .44 |
| 25–29 | 0.71 (0.42, 1.19) | .19 | 2.29 (0.28, 18.44) | .44 |
| 30–34 | 0.73 (0.43, 1.24) | .24 | 1.85 (0.23, 15.22) | .57 |
| 35–39 | 0.70 (0.40, 1.23) | .22 | 2.16 (0.25, 18.29) | .48 |
| 40–45 | 0.78 (0.43, 1.40) | .41 | 1.37 (0.16, 12.00) | .78 |
| Education level (ref: no school) | ||||
| Primary | 1.23 (1.00, 1.52) | .05 | 0.60 (0.39, 0.95) | .03 |
| Secondary | 0.92 (0.71, 1.20) | .54 | 0.87 (0.49, 1.52) | .62 |
| High school or higher | 0.74 (0.48, 1.14) | .17 | 1.25 (0.50, 3.11) | .64 |
| Employment status (ref: unemployed) | ||||
| Agriculture | 1.16 (0.96, 1.40) | .13 | 0.88 (0.57, 1.34) | .54 |
| Informal | 1.34 (1.01, 1.78) | .04 | 1.22 (0.66, 2.26) | .52 |
| Formal | 1.49 (1.16, 1.90) | ≤.001 | 1.04 (0.60, 1.80) | .82 |
| No. of living children (ref: 3 or more) | ||||
| 0 | 0.08 (0.02, 0.32) | ≤.001 | No observation | |
| 1 | 0.54 (0.43, 0.68) | ≤.001 | 0.23 (0.13, 0.43) | ≤.001 |
| 2 | 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) | .65 | 0.51 (0.33, 0.78) | .002 |
| Social health protection (ref: no social health protection program) | ||||
| Health Equity Fund | 1.87 (1.54, 2.26) | ≤.001 | 1.07 (0.68, 1.69) | .77 |
| Any other social health protection program | 1.47 (1.19, 1.82) | ≤.001 | 1.46 (0.91, 2.34) | .11 |
| Wealth quintile (ref: Q1, poorest) | ||||
| Q2 | 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) | .56 | 0.99 (0.60, 1.65) | .98 |
| Q3 | 0.98 (0.78, 1.22) | .85 | 1.16 (0.70, 1.93) | .55 |
| Q4 | 0.90 (0.71, 1.13) | .35 | 0.98 (0.57, 1.71) | .95 |
| Q5, richest | 0.79 (0.62, 1.02) | .07 | 1.50 (0.83, 2.74) | .18 |
| Religion (ref: other) | 0.65 (0.37, 1.11) | .12 | 0.61 (0.22, 1.67) | .34 |
| Constant | 0.05 (0.01, 0.24) | ≤.001 | 0.20 (0.02, 2.19) | .19 |
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LARCs, long-acting reversible contraceptives; PMs, permanent methods.
↵a Among all married women in the sample.
↵b Among those who used any type of contraceptive method in the last 12 months; LARCs and permanent methods grouped together for simplicity of interpretation.